| Author
|
Column
|
Packing
|
System code
|
Method
|
|
|
Dc (m)
|
Geometry
|
dp(mm)
|
e(-)
|
|
|
| Eisenkalm and Ford (1962)
|
0.044
|
Cylindrical
|
0.967
glass spheres
|
0.36
|
1
|
Gammametry
|
Turpin (1966)
Turpin and Huttington (1967)
|
0.051
0.102
0.152
|
Cylindrical
|
7.6 x 8.23
tabular alumina
|
0.36
|
1
|
Volumetry
|
| Saada (1975)
|
0.045
|
Cylindrical
|
0.514
0.974
2.06
glass spheres
|
0.346
0.346
0.346
|
1
P=14 bars
|
Gammametry
|
| Achwal and Stepanek (1976)
|
0.050
|
Cylindrical
|
-
x 6.0
ceramic cylinders
|
0.457
|
1
|
Electrical conductivity
|
Stiegel and Shah (1977a)
|
0.050
|
Cylindrical
|
2.8 x 5.6
3.12 x3.12
polyethylene extrudates
|
0.41
0.35
|
1
|
Tracer
|
| Stiegel and Shah (1977b)
|
0.168 x
0.0206
|
Rectangular
|
2.8 x 5.6
polyethylene extrudates
|
0.36
|
1
|
Tracer
|
| Fukushima et al. (1979)
|
0.100
0.150
|
Cylindrical
|
12.7
25.4
ceramic beads
|
0.38
0.38
|
32
|
Volumetry
|
| Barthole (1983)
|
0.045
|
Cylindrical
|
4
glass beads
|
0.375
0.345
|
31
|
Electrical
conducitivity
|
| Camacho et al.(1984)
|
0.033
|
Cylindrical
|
2.2
3.0
4.0
glass beads
|
0.36
0.36
0.36
|
1
|
Volumetry
|
| Sokomorokov et al. (1986)
|
0.030
|
Cylindrical
|
3.0 x 3.0
glass cylinders
|
0.37
|
1
|
Tracer
|
| Mazzarino et al. (1987)
|
0.030
|
Cylindrical
|
3.0 x 4.0
1.7 4.0
3.0 x 3.0
alumina cylinders
glass cylinders
|
0.36
0.36
0.36
|
1
|
Tracer
|
van Gelder (1988)
van Gelder and Westerterp (1990)
|
0.065
|
Cylindrical
|
3.8 x 4.8
glass cylinders
|
0.365
|
21
2 P 10.1
bars
|
Tracer
|
Yang (1989)
Yang et al. (1989)
Yang et al. (1993)
|
0.050
0.100
0.150
|
Cylindrical
|
2.0
2.8
spherical alumina
|
0.34
0.34
|
1-2-11-12-
13-14-15
|
Volumetry
Gammametry
Gravimetry
Tracer
|
Gutsche (1990)
|
0.050
0.100
|
Cylindrical
|
3.10
1.40
1.00
2.00
glass beads
|
0.39
0.36
0.44
0.37
|
1
|
Tracer
|
Larachi (1991)
Larachi et al. (1991)
|
0.023
|
Cylindrical
|
3.37 polypropylene extrudates
|
0.37
|
3-4-5-6-7
3 P 51 bars
|
Tracer
|
Goto et al.
(1991)
|
0.0253
|
Cylindrical
|
0.46
0.92
1.83
glass beads
|
0.389
0.389
0.389
|
27
|
Volumetry
|
| Ross (1990) and Mertin (1991)
|
0.100
|
Cylindrical
|
1
2
4
6
glass beads
|
0.33
0.37
0.37
0.37
|
1
|
Tracer
|
| Cassanello (1992)
|
0.070
|
Cylindrical
|
5.00
16.70 glass beads
|
0.40
0.47
|
1-23-24
|
Tracer
|
| Lara Marquez (1992)
|
0.050
|
Cylindrical
|
1.18
1.98
3.01
glass beads
|
0.37
0.37
0.37
|
1-16-17-
18-19-20
-21-22
|
|
Collî-Serrano (1993)
Lamine et al. (1995)
|
0.100
|
Cylindrical
|
2.00
glass beads
|
0.37
|
28-29-30
|
Tracer
|
| Thanos et al. (1996)
|
0.020
|
Cylindrical
|
1.20x2.70
1.50x3.34
1.50x5.26
1.50x6.78
-
x3.80
glass extrudates
|
0.375
0.395
0.403
0.453
0.365
|
26
|
Tracer
|
| Samb et al. (1996)
|
0.062
|
Cylindrical
|
2.7 spheres particles
|
0.38
|
1
|
Volumetry
|
| Illiuta et al. (1996)
|
0.051
|
Cylindrical
|
3.0
3.3
spheres
|
0.370
0.356
|
33-34-35
|
Volumetry
Tracer
|
| Molga and Westerterp (1997)
|
0.156
|
Cylindrical
|
4.2
Glass spheres
|
0.38
|
36
|
Liquid level in the reactor
|